Two-cycle internal-combustion engine



gully im), T1923.

C. BERGER Two-CYCLE INTERNAL CoNBUsTIoN ENGINE Filed April 4, 1922 3 SheeLSn-Shee l C. BERGER Two-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sheetsnihee't TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 4, 1922 letented daily liti, i923.

UNHTD STATES @FFHQEO CARL BERGER, F KARLSBAD, CZECHS'LOV'KM.

TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL-COMBUSTJION ENGINE.

Application led April fi,

To all whom t may cofre/cern Be it known that l, CARL BERGER, of Austrian nationality, residing at 32 Elisabeth Quai, Karlsbad, Czechoslovakia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Two-Cycle Internal-Combustion Engines; and l do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, of which the following is a specification.

Two-cycle internal combustion gas engines are already existing havin an auxiliary or secondary piston which e ects the exhaust ot the combustion gases and the drawing-in l5 of the mixture of fuel and air into the space between the tace of said piston and the cylinder head.

rlhe invention relates to a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the cylinder head 2@ of which is constructed so that it will act as a second auxiliary piston which in conjunction with the bottom auxiliary piston moving in an opposite direction draws in the fresh mixture and upon the two auxiliary piston moving towards each other forces it through the valve arranged in the bottom auxiliary piston. This valve is designed in such a manner that the valve disc is tted with two hook shaped proyections with which engage two cams inovably attached to the stay of the piston, their free ends being Jforced down by the top auxiliary piston and that further by va lifting ,o t the valve disc the ports in the bottom auxiliary pieton are automatically closed.

Upon the accompanying drawings one mode of carryingout the invention 1s shown,

and it is:

Fig. 1, a longitudinal section showing the positions of the pistons at the commencement of the explosion,

Fig. 2, a view .of the cover of the suction lllig. 3, a longitudinal section showing the positions of the istons after exhaust and suction and'at t e beginning ot compression Fig. 4l, a section of the bottom auxiliary iston on an enlarged scale and along the Ene ot lEi 6 Fig. 5, a section sthrough the bottom secundaiy iston along the line y-Jy of Fig. 6,

a section along the line z-z oit Flg. .'r,

Fig. 7, a perspective view oi the kvalve 1922. Serial N0. 549,399.

arranged in the bottom secondary piston (Figs. 1, 3 6),

Fig. 8, a longitudinal section of the top secondary piston,

Fig. 9, a plan of the top secondary piston looking trom above,

Fig. 10, a view of the lever for raising and lowering the top secondary piston, and

Fig. 11, a view of the lever for raising and lowering the bottom secondary piston.

1 is the casing supporting the crank shaft 2 and the two shafts oari 7ing the cani disc 3 and the non-circular disc 4, both shafts being driven in a suitable manner for instance by means o toothed wheels from the crank shaft 2 rotating in the direction oi" the arrow @n top of the casing 1 the cylinder is mounted, in which the main piston 6, is reciprocated in the known manner by a connecting rod 7. The upper end of the cylinder 5 is tted with a spark plug 8 which in Figs. 1 and 3 is shown in a position displaced by an angle of i5 degrees with reward to the planeet section. A larger cylinder 9 is mounted on top ot the cylinder 5. Sideways from the two cylinders 5 and 9 the exhaust valve l2 and the suction valve 13 are built into the casings 10 and 11, both valves being arranged one above the other and actuatedby the springs 1li and 15 respectively. Both 'valves 12 and 13 are governed by thecam disc 3. The exhaust port 16 opens into the cylinder 5 and the suction port 17 for the mixture oiz fuel and-air into the cylinder 9. 'llhe suction port 17 is closed by the cover 18 (Fi 2), while the suction lvalve 13 fitting close y into the upper cylindrical part of the casing 11 has been given the shape as indicated, in order to reduce the noxious space for the compression.

Within the cylinder 5 and above the main piston 6 the bottom secondary piston 19 with its piston rod 20 is mounted, while within the upper cylinder 9 the top secondary piston 21 is arranged tightened in a suitable manner with reference to the piston rod 20 passing through said piston. The suriace of the secondary piston 19 is ot the vsaine size as that ot the main piston t, while the surface et the secondary piston 2l is ci? double the size than that ot the secondary gettin 19 or .main piston t respectively. oth pistons 19 and 21 are by means ot rods v(36, 28, 39, moved in relation to or tcwards each other. For this reason two Kill all:

`pressed against each other.

plosion or the explosion cycle respectively is v ports 22 are fastened sideways to the upper c linder 9 by means of a screw bolt 23, only t e back su port having been shown in Figs. 1 and 3. 'l e lever 24 (Fig. 11) is movably mounted on the pin 25 and arranged between the two supports 22, while its front and forked end 26 passes over a turnable pin 27 of the piston rod 20 (Figs. 4 and 5). The lever 28 (Fig. 10) is also arranged between the two supports 22 and movably mounted on the pin 29, while its two front and forked ends 30 and 31 pass over pins (similar to those marked 27) resting loosely in the two stay bolts 32 and 33 (Fig. 9). The rear fork shaped end 34 of the lever 28 passes over the rod 36 actuated by a spring 35 and raised by the non-circular disc 4 and is movably connected to said rod by a pin 37. ln the upper fork shaped end 38 of the rod 36 a small lever 39 is movably mounted on a pin 40, the free end 41 of said lever fitting into a slot 42 of the lever 24 (Fig. 11) and being movably connected to the latter by means of a pin 43. I

The bottom secondary piston 19 is 1n the centre provided with a stay 44 (Fig. 6) and on `both sides thereof with an opening 45. Un-

derneath the auxiliary piston 19 is the valve disc 46 (Fig. '7) fitted with two hook-shaped uprights near the circumference and 1n the centre with a small pillar 49 having a collar 48 round its top the valve disc being guided in the cross stay 44 by mea-ns of said pillar. 'lhe valve disc 46 is prevented from dropping out of the cross stay 44 by a sleeve 50 screwed into the latter. On both sides of the stay 44 pivots 51 are fixed carrying each a cam 52 which engage with one end with the hook shaped uprights 47 of the valve dlso 46 and which are prevented from becoming loose b means of a nut 53 screwed on to the journalys. As soon as the two secondary pistons 19 and 21 are in the position shown in Fig. 1, the top secondary piston 21 presses on the free ends of the cams 52, whereby the valve disc 46 is raised and the ports 45 in the secondary piston 19 are automatically closed.

The engine acts in the following manner:

During the explosion which takes place in the space between the pistons 6 and 19, the two secondary pistons 19 and 21 in consequence of the non-circular disc 4 being placed into the position shown in Fig. 1 are After the exnished the main piston 6 is moved upwards, while the secondary piston 19 in consequence of the changed osition of the non-circular disc 4 is move downward. lhe bottom secondary piston 19 hereby moves through a distance which corresponds to half the stroke of the main piston 6. During the downward movement oli' the bottom piston 19 the upper secondary piston 21, with the non-circular disc 4 (Fig. 3) being in the same position, is simultaneously moved upward in the cylinder 9 by means of the rods 36, 28, whereby it moves through a distance which corresponds to half of the stroke of the bottom secondary piston 19 or to a quarter of that of the main piston 6. Upon the downward movement of the piston 19 and the simultaneous upward movement of the pistons 6 and 21 the valve 46 or the two ports 45 respectively arranged in the secondary piston 19 are closed first in consequence of the e'ect of the pressure prevailing between the pis tons 6 and 19 and secondly by the suction effect existing between the pistons 19 and 21.

While thus the main piston 6 has passed through half of the stroke in the upward direction, the bottom secondary piston 19 has traveled through the same distance in the downward direction toward the piston 6 and thereby forced the exhaust gases through the port 16 and the exhaust valve 12 which in the meantime has been opened by the cam disc 3. At the same time however owing to the pistons 19 and 21 (Fig. 3) having been moved away from each other a new mixture is drawn in through the temporarily opened suction valve 13 and port 17 and into the space between the two pistons 19 yand 21. 'llhe volume of the mixture is equal to the main volume traveled through by the piston 6, as the two volumes of stroke passed through by the secondary pistons 19 and 21 correspond with regard to size to the volume of stroke of they main piston 6.

The main piston 6 now continues to move upward, whereby the secondary pistons 19 and 21 in consequence of the altered position of the non-circular disc 4 and rods 36, 23, 39, 24 are at the same time moved towards each other, while the valves 12 and 13 remain closed and the new mixture is forced through the ports 45 of the bottom secondary piston 19 into the cylinder, as in the meantime in conse uence of the pressure above atmosphere etween the pistons 19 and 21 the valve 46 has opened itself. As' soon as the main piston 6 has reached the maximum position shown in Fig. 1, the secondary pistons 19 and 21 are again in their initial position, in which case the top secondary piston 21 presses on the free ends of the cams 52 (Figs. 4, 5, 6), and by a raising of 'the valve disc 46 the ports 45 in the secondary piston 19 are closed. ln the po- 1 sition of the pistons 6, 19 and 21 shown in Fig. 1, the compressed mixture is between the main piston 6 and the secondary piston 19 which is now made to explode by the spark plug 8.

l claim as my invention 1. ln a 'two-cycle internal combustion engine having an auxiliary piston for edecting the exhaust of the products of combustion and the suction of the fuel-air-mixture,

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neenoeo a second auxiliary piston (21) serving as the head for the main cylinder (5) and moving in a cylinder (9) placed on top of the main cylinder, and a non-circular disc (4) driven from the engine shaft (2) and actuating a resiliently supported rod (36g connected to the second auxiliary piston (2 by a lever4(28) for the purposeset forth in the specification.

2. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine having an auxiliary piston for effecting the exhaust of the products of combustion and suction of the fuel-air mixture, a second auxiliary piston (21) serving as the head for the main cylinder (5) 'and moving in a cylinder (9) placed on top of the main cylinder, a non-circular disc (4) driven from 'the engine shaft (2) actuating a resiliently supported rod (36) connected to the second auxiliary piston (21) by a lever (28) and levers (39,24) movably connecting the resiliently supported rod (36) to the auxiliary piston (19), for the purpose set ,forth in the speciiication.

3. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine having an auxiliary piston for effecting the exhaust of the products of combustion and suction of the fuel-air-mixture, a second auxiliary piston (21) serving as a head for 'the main cylinder (5) and moving in a cylinder (9) placed on top of the main cylinder, a non-circular disc (4) driven from the engine shaft (2) actuating a resiliently supported rod (36) movably connected to the second auxiliary piston 21) by a lever (28), levers (39, 24) movably connecting the resiliently suppor'ted rod (36) to the auxiliary piston (19), and providing the disc (46) of the valve in said piston with a central pillar (49) for guiding it in the auxiliary piston and also withl two hooked uprights (47 engaging with cams (52) movably arranged on either side of' cross stay (44) of the auxiliary piston (19), for the purpose set. forth in the speciication.

4. ln a two cycle internal combustion engine having an auxiliary piston for eEecting the exhaust of the products of combustion and suction of the fuel air mixture, a second auxiliary piston (21), serving as a head for the main cylinder (5) and moving in a cylinder (9) placed on top of the main cylinder, a non-circular disc (4) driven from the engine shaft (2) actuating a resilien'tly supported rod (36) movably connected to the second auxiliary piston (21) by a lever (28), levers (39, 24) movably connecting the resiliently supported rod (36) to a valve in the auxiliary piston (19), providing the disc (46.) of the valve in said piston with a central pillar (49) for guiding the disc in the auxiliary piston and also with two hooked uprights (47) engaging with cams (52) movably arranged on either side of a cross stay (44) of the auxiliary piston (19) and a cam (3) driven from the engine shaft (2) actuating the resiliently supported spindle of the exhaust (12') and suction-valve (13), for the purpose set forth in the specification.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification in 'the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

DR. CARL BERGER.

Witnesses:

ALEXANDER DE Soro,

v. PHILIPPOFF. 

